Sternberg's Triarchic Theory of Intelligence
Sternbergs theory (1985) derives from the information processing approach used by cognitive psychologists. Triarchic theory; meaning (ruled by three) involves three aspects of intelligence; componential intelligence, experiential intelligence and contextual intelligence.
Componential intelligence consists of the mental actions people use to plan and carry out tasks.
Experiential Intelligence is the ability to deal succesfully with new situations and to solve automatically problems that people have been faced with before.
Contexual Intelligence takes three forms; adaptation(fitting onself into the environment), selection (the ability to find one's place in society) and shaping; (shaping the environment for oneself)
Gardner's Multiple Intelligences Theory of Intelligence
This theory is based on neuropsychological analysis of human abilities (Gardner, 1983) It argues that intelligence falls into seven categories: linguistic intelligence, musical intellligence, logical/mathematical intelligence, spatial intelligence, bodily/kinaesthetic intelligence, and two types of personal intelligence.
Personal intelligence includes awareness of your own feelings and the ability to notice individual differences in other people and to react to them so that you aresocially aware.
According to Gardner all seven abiltities are well represented in the brain and brain damage will impair them.
e.g people with damage to the parietal lobe can show apraxia; an inability to perform sequences of skilled movement. People with damage to the right parietal lobe develop spatial neglect. Damage to the front lobe will cause difficulty in decision making and interpreting social situations correctly.
Personal intelligence includes awareness of your own feelings and the ability to notice individual differences in other people and to react to them so that you aresocially aware.
According to Gardner all seven abiltities are well represented in the brain and brain damage will impair them.
e.g people with damage to the parietal lobe can show apraxia; an inability to perform sequences of skilled movement. People with damage to the right parietal lobe develop spatial neglect. Damage to the front lobe will cause difficulty in decision making and interpreting social situations correctly.
Spearman's Two factor theory of Intelligence
Spearman (1972) believed that an individuals performance on a test of intellectual ability is determined by two factors : the g factor which is a general factor and the s factor which is a factor specific to a particular test.
He believed the g factor involved three principles of cognition: 1. apprehension of experience, 2.eduction of relations and 3. eduction of correlates.
He believed the g factor involved three principles of cognition: 1. apprehension of experience, 2.eduction of relations and 3. eduction of correlates.
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